Understanding the Yuma Consensus Parameter

Kappa (κ) - Stake Threshold

  • Purpose: Determines the stake-weighted median threshold for consensus

  • Value: 5000 (50%) in genesis_config.json

  • Function: Used in calc_benchmark() to find the maximum weight that has at least κ% stake support

  • Impact: Higher κ means more stake consensus required for the benchmark weight

Beta (β) - Bond Penalty Factor

  • Purpose: Penalizes validators who deviate from consensus

  • Value: 5000 (50%) in genesis_config.json

  • Function: Used in calc_bond_weight() to apply penalties to validators who set weights above the consensus benchmark

  • Formula: w_tilde = (1 - β) * w + β * w_consensus

  • Impact: Higher β means stricter penalties for deviation

Alpha (α) - EMA Smoothing Factor )

  • Purpose: Controls how quickly bonds adapt to new weights

  • Value: 3000 (30%) in genesis_config.json

  • Function: Used in update_ema_bond() for exponential moving average of validator-miner bonds

  • Formula: new_bond = α * instantaneous + (1 - α) * old

  • Impact: Higher α means bonds adapt faster to recent changes

These parameters ARE implemented in the Aether Forge, Solana program and control the Yuma consensus mechanism for decentralized validation.

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